In the rich cultural tapestry of Odisha, there are names that resonate with the very soul of its heritage. One such name, spoken with deep reverence and pride, is Kabi Samrat Upendra Bhanja. He wasn’t just a poet; he was a phenomenon, an “Emperor of Poets” whose words have danced through centuries, shaping Odia literature and music into the beautiful forms we cherish today.
The Royal Prince Who Chose Poetry Over a Kingdom
Imagine a prince, born into a royal family in Kulagarh around 1670, choosing the world of verses over the responsibilities of a throne. That was Upendra Bhanja. He hailed from a lineage where poetry flowed like a river; his grandfather, King Dhananjaya Bhanja, was a noted poet himself. This environment nurtured his heart, and he found his true calling not in ruling a kingdom, but in ruling the realm of words and emotions.
His life was deeply intertwined with art and inspiration. His marriages, first to the sister of the Nayagarh king and later to the daughter of the Banapur king, brought him muses who ignited his poetic fire. Steeped in classical Sanskrit literature, he mastered the language and its nuances, even creating a special dictionary, the Geetabhidhana, to help fellow poets in their craft. His life story is a beautiful reminder that our true wealth lies in our passions.
The Magic of His Words: A Literary Treasure
Upendra Bhanja’s contribution to Odia literature is simply monumental. He penned around 52 books, and though only about 22 have survived the test of time, they are gems that shine brightly. His epic poems, or kabyas, are legendary:
- Baidehisa Bilasa: A masterpiece that retells the Ramayana, focusing on the emotions and turmoil of Sita. It is a work of profound empathy and lyrical beauty, showcasing his deep understanding of human feelings.
- Labanyabati: A classic romantic tale filled with enchanting descriptions and intricate wordplay. This work is a testament to his ability to paint vivid pictures with his words, making readers feel they are part of the story.
- Koti Brahmanda Sundari: Another celebrated epic that explores themes of love and divinity. Its title, meaning “The Most Beautiful in a Million Universes,” perfectly captures the sublime beauty of his poetry.
He wrote in the elegant Reeti style, known for its ornate language, rich with similes and alliterations. It is said that he gifted over 32,300 new words to the Odia language, enriching it in a way that few have ever done. His verses are not just text; they are music to the ears and a balm for the soul.
A Legacy That Breathes and Sings in Odia Culture
The spirit of Upendra Bhanja is not confined to old manuscripts. His legacy is a living, breathing part of Odisha’s identity. His compositions form the very heart of Odissi music, providing the lyrical foundation for the expressive dance form’s abhinaya. When you watch an Odissi performance, you are often witnessing the words of the Kabi Samrat come to life.
His name is immortalised in the town of Bhanjanagar, named in his honour, and his work continues to be studied at institutions like Banaras Hindu University. He is a cultural icon, a symbol of literary pride for every person from Odisha. His work inspires us to stay connected to our roots, much like the timeless devotion seen at sacred places like the Samaleswari Temple, another jewel in Odisha’s spiritual crown.
Keeping the Tradition Alive with Poojn.in
Celebrating a figure like Kabi Samrat Upendra Bhanja means celebrating the culture he so beautifully represented. It’s about keeping our traditions alive in our homes and hearts. At Poojn.in, we understand this deep connection. We are here to help you honour your heritage with authenticity and devotion.
From sacred texts to pure Dashakarma items for your rituals, we bring everything you need to your doorstep. Explore our collection of beautifully crafted decorative items that reflect the rich artistry of our land. Let us help you create a sacred space in your home that resonates with the spirit of our great cultural icons. Because tradition is not just about the past; it’s about how we carry it into our future.
Understanding the Emperor of Poets: Your Questions Answered
Many of us have questions about this legendary figure. Let’s explore some of them.
You might wonder, why is Upendra Bhanja called ‘Kabi Samrat’?
The title “Kabi Samrat,” which means “Emperor of Poets,” was bestowed upon him out of immense respect for his unparalleled mastery over poetry. His command of language, his intricate style, and the sheer emotional depth of his work placed him on a throne in the world of literature, earning him this royal and fitting title.
What makes his literary style so special?
Upendra Bhanja’s genius lay in his use of the Reeti style of poetry. This style is known for its highly ornamental and decorative language. He used complex figures of speech, alliteration, and beautiful similes to create verses that were not just meaningful but also incredibly musical and pleasing to the ear. His writing is a perfect blend of intellectual craftsmanship and heartfelt emotion.
How did his poetry influence Odissi music and dance?
His compositions are fundamental to Odissi music, the classical music of Odisha. The lyrics provide a rich source of stories and emotions for dancers to express through abhinaya (the expressive aspect of dance). His songs, with their lyrical beauty and emotional range, have become an inseparable part of the Odissi dance repertoire, allowing artists to convey complex feelings and tales to the audience.
A Final Word
Kabi Samrat Upendra Bhanja is more than just a name in a history book; he is the heartbeat of Odia literary culture. His life and his poetry are a testament to the power of art to transcend time. As we read his verses or listen to his compositions in a song, we connect with a legacy of beauty, pride, and profound cultural richness. He remains, and will always remain, the true Emperor of Poets.
